Influence of Inventory Turnover, Receivable Turnover, and Sales Growth on Profitability with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable (Companies with Trading and Distribution Business Sectors Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for 2020 - 2022 Period)

This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of inventory turnover, receivable turnover and sales growth partially and simultaneously on ROA in trading and distribution business companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this research are trading and distribution business companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used in this research was the purposive sampling method and 12 companies were obtained. The analysis technique in this research uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) using the SPSS 29 program. The results of this research conclude that inventory turnover has an effect on profitability while receivable turnover and sales growth have no effect on profitability. While the Independent Board of Commissioners can significantly influence the relationship between inventory turnover and profitability, the Independent Board of Commissioners cannot influence or is unable to moderate the relationship between receivable turnover and sales growth and profitability


Introduction
In running a business, achieving a company's long-term goals, especially generating profits, is very important for the company's sustainability and future.The long-term goals of a company or industry are consistent profits, profitability, and the company's ability to create market value, assets, and capital within a certain time period.
Profitability is defined as the ability of a company to generate profits from its sources, such as assets, capital, or business income.According to Wiralestari ( 2021) , decision making is influenced by information from financial reports and the financial reports themselves.Profit margin is a measure used to determine how well a business generates profits.
Before giving shares to investors, management must provide an explanation in the company's income financial report (Hernando, 2019) .It is very important to understand the efficiency of using these assets to determine whether the assets used produce the expected profits or result in losses for the company.Consequently, to determine the performance of the author's company, the author uses Return On Assets (ROA) to generate profits related to its equity resources.The higher the index, the better the company's asset and equity management.
The problem that occurs from movements in profitability, as well as fluctuations in increases and decreases in Inventory Turnover , Receivable Turnover , and Sales Growth in companies with the trading and distribution business sector is how big the influence of Inventory Turnover is .Turnover Receivable , and Sales Growth on Profitability with Good Corporate Governance as a moderating variable .
Research conducted by Suyanti (2021) , Yusup andHeriani (2024) , Sukaenah (2020) and Wahyuniati and Adi (2021) found that although receivables and inventory turnover did not affect profitability, sales growth affected profitability.Further research conducted by Hayati (2019) and Yanti and Maemunah ( 2020) concluded that inventory turnover, accounts receivable turnover and sales growth had an effect on profitability.When inventory and sales increase, total profit also increases.Receivables turnover, the period that working capital is tied up in receivables, shows how quickly a company makes a profit from credit sales, which increases the company's profitability.

Literature Review
Signaling Theory Brigham and Houston ( 2012) define signaling theory as a way for management to inform shareholders about the company's opportunities to increase its value in the future.Signaling theory emphasizes that company reports are very important when making investment decisions ( Moeljadi and Supriyati, 2014) .

Agency Theory
According to agency theory, it is very important for shareholders and business owners to hand over the management of their business to professionals called agents.Jensen and Meckling (1976) states that there are two types of agency relationships between managers and shareholders or creditors.

Influence of Inventory Turnover, Receivable Turnover, and Sales Growth on Profitability with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable
Entrepreneurship ( 2021) states that one way to gain customer loyalty through installment sales is to create receivables.On the other hand, Mayasari ( 2016) stated that receivables arise due to credit sales.According to Kariyoto (2018) , the larger the company's receivables account, the more foreign money will enter its liquidity.

Turnover Receivable
According to Maryam and Yuyetta (2019) , sales growth can be defined as the difference between changes in the number of sales during a certain period.Therefore, sales growth can be defined as the difference between sales for the current period and sales for the previous period.In addition, Farhana (2016) stated that an increase in sales from year to year or period to period can be considered as sales growth.

Sales Growth
According to Maryam (2019), sales growth is the difference between sales for the current period and the previous period.Therefore, sales growth is the difference between the changes in the number of sales over a certain period.According to Farhana (2016), an increase in sales from year to year or from period to period can be considered as sales growth.

Profitability
Profitability, according to Mayasari et al (2016) , is defined as the ability of a company to generate profits compared to total assets, sales and capital.However, according to Farhana et al. (2016), profitability is a comparison between management performance based on investment and sales results.The bigger wins the better.

Good Corporate Governance
According to Franita (2018) , GCG is a company's continuous management and monitoring system to increase share value, which in turn increases company value and provides responsibility to shareholders without ignoring the interests of other stakeholders (creditors, employees and the community).In this research, independent director proposals are used as a measure of good corporate governance.Members of the board of directors who have no affiliation with the board of directors, other members of the Supervisory Board, or major shareholders are referred to as Independent Commissioners.

Descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics are used to describe significant financial changes in companies that carry out trading and distribution during a certain period presented in the financial statements (2020)(2021)(2022).These statistics are used to analyze data, provide explanations, or display data as it is without making broad conclusions or generalizations (Sugiyono, 2017) .Darmawan and Deni (2016) stated that the regression model uses a normality test.By determining whether the regression residuals have a normal distribution.Feedback with normal residual values is referred to as a positive feedback loop.Quality tests can be carried out using the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test or by looking at the data distribution and source diagonal in a normal histogram graph or standard residual PP regression graph.

Multicollinearity Test
The multicollinearity test, according to Imam Ghozali (2016) (Ghozali, 2016) , is used to determine whether independent variables have a significant relationship or correlation with each other.In cases where the independent variables show a very high or significant correlation, a portion of the change measured by the independent variable will be zero.

Heteroscedacity Test
According to Sukadana and Triayarti (2018) , the heteroscedasticity test is used to determine whether or not there is inequality in the regression model by looking at residual variations from one observation to another.If the residual variation remains from one observation to another, it is called homoscedasticity, and if not, it is called heteroscedasticity.

Autocorrelation Test
The autocorrelation test aims to determine whether there is a relationship between false errors in period t and false errors in period t-1 in the linear regression model.The Durbin-Watson (DW) test is the only way to find out whether there is autocorrelation (Ghozali, 2016) .Test drives are also available.This test is performed as part of non-parametric statistics to determine whether there is a high correlation between residuals.

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
According to Lauw and Linda (2017) , the multiple regression test is when more than one independent variable influences the dependent variable.

MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis) Test
In this research, interaction testing, also known as moderated regression analysis (MRA), is a multiple linear regression method that combines interaction elements, namely the multiplication of two or more independent variables.The purpose of MRA is to measure whether the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable can increase or vice versa if there is a moderating variable in the model.

T test
Meidiyustiani (2016) states that the t test is used to determine whether the influence of the independent variable affects the dependent variable partially or significantly.Significant value 0.05.

Influence of Inventory Turnover, Receivable Turnover, and Sales Growth on Profitability with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable
The F test is carried out to measure the influence of the independent and dependent variables simultaneously.This is done using the Anova table.According to Nurafika (2018) , the model has an influence if the significant value is less than 0.05.

Coefficient of Determination (R 2 )
The coefficient of determination, which ranges from zero to one, indicates how well the model can explain the various dependent variables.Due to the low R2 value , the ability of the independent variable to explain the dependent variable is very limited.The results of descriptive statistical tests show that, during the 2020-2022 research period, the dependent variable profitability shows a minimum value of -75.40 and a maximum value of 99.00.

Descriptive Statistics Test
The independent variable inventory turnover has a minimum value of 10.30 and a maximum value of 97.00, with a standard deviation value of 28.12549 and an average value of 42.8378.The average value of inventory turnover was (506.86) in 2020, (310.19) in 2021, and (405.23) in 2022, showing variations over three years.
The independent variable receivable turnover has a minimum value of 13.10 and a maximum value of 33.40, as well as a standard deviation value of 26.76632 and an average value of 35.6811.The value of receivable turnover has decreased in the last three years.
For the independent variable sales growth, a standard deviation value of 3.71608 was obtained and an average value of 19.7861, with a minimum value of 10.70 and a maximum value of 92.51.The sales growth value varies over three consecutive years depending on the average value.
There is a standard deviation of 11.04277 and an average value of 46.6667 for the moderating variable "Good Corporate Governance".The minimum value of 33.00 and the maximum value of 67.00 indicate that the value of good corporate governance has not changed every year for three years.

Source: Data processed by researchers, 2024
The values can be seen using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov sample from Table 1 and the residual values of the following variables: sales inventory, sales receivables, sales growth, profitability and good governance.In addition, there are interaction variables between sales inventory and GCG, sales receivables with GCG, and sales growth with GCG.With a significance of 0.200, which is greater than 0.05, the data shows a normal distribution.

Source: Data processed by researchers, 2024
The tolerance for the inventory turnover variable is 0.922 and the VIF value is 1.085, the accounts receivable turnover variable is 0.787 and the VIF value is 1.270, the sales growth variable is 0.920 and the VIF value is 1.087 and the GCG variable is 0.868 and the The VIF value is 0.920 and the VIF value is 1.087.The VIF value is 1.152 as shown by the test results The tolerance for the inventory turnover variable is 0.922 and the VIF value is 1.085, the accounts receivable turnover variable is 0.787 and the VIF value is 1.270, the sales growth variable is 0.920 and the VIF value is 1.087 and the GCG variable is 0.868 and the The VIF value is 0.920 and the VIF value is 1.087.The VIF value is 0.920 and the VIF value is 1.087.The VIF value is 0.920 and the VIF value is 1.087.The VIF value is 1.152 as seen from the test results in Table 4.3.There is no multicollinearity between the independent variable and the moderator variable because the VIF value of each variable is less than 10.Based on the run test results shown in the table, it can be concluded that there is no autocorrelation if the Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) is greater than the significance level of 0.05.

Source: Data processed by researchers, 2024
Based on the table above, the multiple linear regression equation can be formulated as follows: Y = (-95.290)+ 0.013 X1+ 0.094X2 + 3.768X3 + e From the regression equation it can be explained: 1 Constant, if profitability will be -95,290 then there are three independent variables that are constant: inventory turnover, receivables turnover, and sales growth.Based on the table, a linear regression equation can be formulated using the interaction test approach as follows: From the regression equation it can be explained: The Determination Test (R 2 ) shown in the table shows that the R Square value is 0.284, or equivalent to 28.4 percent of the results.This shows that Inventory Turnover, Receivable Turnover, Sales Growth , and GCG can function as moderating variables on profitability of 28.4 percent which can be explained by the independent variables.Meanwhile, 71.6 percent of profitability can be explained by other variables.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, this research concludes: 1 The research results state that the Inventory Turnover variable influences profitability in companies with trading and distribution businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. 2 The research results state that the Turnover Receivable variable has no effect on profitability in companies with trading and distribution businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period.3 The research results state that the Sales Growth variable has no effect on profitability in companies with trading and distribution businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period.4 The results of the research state that the interaction between Inventory Turnover and GCG which is proxied by the Independent Board of Commissioners can be concluded that Inventory Turnover has an effect on Profitability with GCG as a moderating variable in companies with trading and distribution businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period.5 The results of the research state that the interaction between Turnover Receivable and GCG which is proxied by the Board of Independent Commissioners can be concluded that Turnover Receivable has no effect on Profitability with GCG as a moderating variable in companies with trading and distribution businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period.6 The research results state that the interaction between Sales Growth and GCG which is proxied by the Independent Board of Commissioners can be concluded that Sales Growth has no effect on Profitability with GCG as a moderating variable in companies with trading and distribution business fields listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period.

Table Descriptive Statistics
Table Using One-Sample Kolmogorov Statistical Test

Turnover, Receivable Turnover, and Sales Growth on Profitability with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable in
Table 4.3.There is no multicollinearity between the independent variable and the moderator variable because the VIF value of each variable is less than 10.
Inventory turnover influences profitability with GCG as a moderating variable.5Turnover Receivable has no effect on profitability with GCG as a moderating variable.6Sales Growth has no effect on profitability with GCG as a moderating variable.Based on the previous F test results, the calculated F value is 11.984 with a significant value of 0.00, where calculated F > F table and the significant value is smaller than 0.05, it can be said that inventory turnover, accounts receivable turnover and sales growth influence profitability with GCG as a moderating variable .