Evaluation of the Sanitation Program of the Wastewater Management System (SPAL) on Social and Public Health Outcomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59653/ijmars.v4i01.2251Keywords:
evaluation SPAL, sanitation, CIPP evaluation, community empowerment, environmental healthAbstract
This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Wastewater Management System Program (SPAL) on social conditions and public health in Tabunganen Pemurus Village, Barito Kuala Regency. The research employs an evaluative qualitative approach using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation involving Community Self-Help Groups (KSM), Beneficiary Groups (KPM), Field Facilitators (TFL), and representatives from the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office (PUPR). Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically by linking empirical findings with theoretical frameworks of development, community empowerment, and environmental health determinants. The results indicate that the SPAL program is relevant to local needs and effective in improving access to proper sanitation facilities and in reducing stunting cases. However, changes in sanitation behavior have not yet occurred collectively or permanently. Some community members continue to maintain river-based practices, suggesting that the provision of infrastructure has not been fully accompanied by a transformation in social norms. Moreover, an increase in diarrhea cases during certain periods indicates that health risks are also influenced by broader ecological factors, such as coastal flooding. Overall, the SPAL program has been successful in providing sanitation infrastructure and improving micro-level determinants of family health. Nevertheless, its long-term effectiveness requires strengthened community empowerment and integration with environmental management and ecological risk mitigation strategies.
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