Integrating Religiosity into the UTAUT Framework: Explaining Muslim Youth’s Intention to Adopt Digital Cash Waqf

Nuradi Nuradi; Hendri Tanjung; Nurul Huda; Trisiladi Supriyanto

doi:10.59653/jbmed.v4i01.2308

Authors

Nuradi Universitas Ibn Khaldun, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3018-0092
Hendri Tanjung Universitas Ibn Khaldun, Indonesia
Nurul Huda Universitas Yarsi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-1994
Trisiladi Supriyanto Universitas Ibn Khaldun, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7203-6120

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59653/jbmed.v4i01.2308

Keywords:

Digital cash waqf, UTAUT, Religiosity, Muslim youth, Islamic philanthropy

Abstract

This research investigates the intention of Millennials and Generation Z in Indonesia to engage in digital cash waqf by integrating technology acceptance determinants with religiosity. The study adopts a quantitative research design. Data were obtained from Muslim respondents in the Millennial and Generation Z cohorts and analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine relationships among UTAUT dimensions, religiosity, and adoption intention. The empirical findings demonstrate that performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions positively and significantly influence individuals' intention to adopt digital cash waqf. In contrast, effort expectancy does not show a statistically significant effect. Religiosity has a direct and significant impact on adoption intention and serves as a selective moderating variable, strengthening the relationship between performance expectancy and intention. By incorporating religiosity as both an explanatory and moderating factor, this study extends the UTAUT framework within the context of value-oriented Islamic philanthropy. The results suggest that digital waqf platforms should prioritize tangible benefits, robust governance, and transparency, while also leveraging religious values and social networks to enhance adoption among younger Muslim generations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, Mohammad Al Mamun, Tipon Tanchangya, Abidur Rahman, Mehedi Hasan, Naimul Islam, and Bony Yeamin. 2025. “Measuring the Influence of FinTech Innovation towards Consumers ’ Attitude : Moderating Role of Perceived Usefulness.” Sustainable Futures 10:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100885.

Ahmad, Khaliq, and Muhamad Hasif Yahaya. 2022. “Islamic Social Financing and Efficient Zakat Distribution: Impact of Fintech Adoption among the Asnaf in Malaysia.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 14 (2): 2253–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2021-0102.

Alam, Mohammad Manzoor. 2018. “Potent Potential of Awqāf in Social and Economic Development.” Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics 31 (2): 101–8. https://doi.org/10.4197/Islec.31-2.8.

Alimusa, La Ode, Raditya Sukmana, Ririn Ratnasari, Syafrina Machfud, and Sahraman D. Hadji Latif. 2024. “Determinants of Online Cash Waqf Behavioural Intentions for Micro Enterprises Financing: The Case of Indonesian Muslim Youth.” Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-06-2023-0166.

Alkhowaiter, Wassan Abdullah. 2022. “Use and Behavioural Intention of M-Payment in GCC Countries: Extending Meta-UTAUT with Trust and Islamic Religiosity.” Journal of Innovation and Knowledge 7 (4): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100240.

Altay, Bora, and Mehmet Bulut. 2024. “An Analysis of Cash Waqf Institutions and Real Wages In Ottoman Rumelia, 1500–1914.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 16 (1): 71–93. https://doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v16iS1.675.

Augusna, Wahyuni Lely, Shafinar Ismail, Aidil Novia, Ahmad Wira, and Neng Kamarni. 2025. “Systematic Literature Review of Digital Waqf Research.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2024-0167.

Beik, Irfan Syauqi, Laily Dwi Arsyianti, and Novita Permatasari. 2023. “Analysis on the Determinant of Millennials’ Zakat Payment through Digital Platform in Indonesia: A Multinomial Logistic Approach.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 15 (2): 541–572. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2021-0313.

Berakon, Izra, Muhammad Riza Hafizi, and Hendy Mustiko Aji. 2022. “Impact of Digital Sharia Banking Systems on Cash-Waqf among Indonesian Muslim Youth.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 13 (7): 1551–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2020-0337.

Bonang, Dahlia, Raditya Sukmana, and Shafinar Ismail. 2024. “Empowering the Future of Cash Waqf through Digitalisation: An Insight into the Philanthropic Intention of the Indonesian Muslim Community.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 16 (Special Issue 1): 94–117. https://doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v16is1.586.

Canggih, Clarashinta, Imron Mawardi, Zaimy Johana Johan, and Yan Putra Timur. 2025. “Digital Transformation of Islamic Endowments (Waqf): What Appeals to Generation Z in e-Cash Waqf?” Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Business Intelligence 11 (3): 337–52. https://doi.org/10.20473/jisebi.11.3.337-352.

Chua, Pei Ying, Sajad Rezaei, Man Li Gu, Yoke Moi Oh, and Manimekalai Jambulingam. 2018. “Elucidating Social Networking Apps Decisions: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy and Social Influence.” Nankai Business Review International 9 (2): 118–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/NBRI-01-2017-0003.

Darmansyah, Bayu Arie Fianto, Achsania Hendratmi, and Primandanu Febriyan Aziz. 2021. “Factors Determining Behavioral Intentions to Use Islamic Financial Technology: Three Competing Models.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 12 (4): 794–812. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2019-0252.

Douven, Igor. 2018. “A Bayesian Perspective on Likert Scales and Central Tendency.” Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 25 (3): 1203–11. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1344-2.

Dwivedi, Yogesh K., Nripendra P. Rana, Anand Jeyaraj, Marc Clement, and Michael D. Williams. 2019. “Re-Examining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT): Towards a Revised Theoretical Model.” Information Systems Frontiers 21 (3): 719–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-017-9774-y.

Farah, Maya F., Muhammad Junaid Shahih Hasni, and Abbas Khan Abbas. 2018. “Mobile-Banking Adoption: Empirical Evidence from the Banking Sector in Pakistan.” International Journal of Bank Marketing 36 (7): 1386–1413. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-10-2017-0215.

Febriandika, Nur Rizqi, Raihanita, and Imron Rosyadi. 2023. “An Empirical Study on the Muslims’ Intention to Use Digital Waqf Innovation.” Journal of System and Management Sciences 13 (6): 127–43. https://doi.org/10.33168/JSMS.2023.0608.

Hair, Joseph F., G.Tomas M Hult, Christian M Ringle, and Marko Sarstedt. 2017. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage. Second Edi. United States of America: Sage Publications.

Hair, Joseph F, Jeffrey Risher, Marko Sarstedt, and Christian M. Ringle. 2019. “When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM.” European Business Review 31 (1): 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.

Hakiem, Hilman, Ujang Sumarwan, Hendri Tanjung, and Imam Teguh Saptono. 2025. “Behavioral and Technological Determinants of Cash Waqf Intention on Crowdfunding Platforms.” International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies 12 (8): 64–76.

Henseler, Jörg, Geoffrey Hubona, and Pauline Ash Ray. 2016. “Using PLS Path Modeling in New Technology Research: Updated Guidelines.” Industrial Management & Data Systems 116 (1): 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382.

Huda, Nurul, Budi Trianto, Masrizal, and Nihayatul Maskuroh. 2025. “Intention To Donate In Green Waqf Among Muslim Community: Indonesian Case.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 16 (3): 736–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2023-0044.

Jafar, Ahmad, Rizwan Malik, and Hafsa Ibrahim. 2025. “Waqf: From Classical Charitable System to Modern Financial Tool.” International Journal of Ethics and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-10-2024-0354.

Jalil, Mohamad Isa Abd, Anwar Allah Pitchay, and Sofri Yahya. 2019. “Building Committed Waqif: The Role of Information Disclosure.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 10 (2): 185–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2016-0058.

Kasri, Rahmatina Awaliah, and Syafira Rizma Chaerunnisa. 2022. “The Role of Knowledge, Trust, and Religiosity in Explaining the Online Cash Waqf amongst Muslim Millennials.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 13 (6): 1334–50.

Kasri, Rahmatina Awaliah, and Esmeralda Indriani. 2022. “Empathy or Perceived Credibility? An Empirical Study of Muslim Donating Behaviour through Online Charitable Crowdfunding in Indonesia.” International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 15 (5): 829–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-09-2020-0468.

Kasri, Rahmatina Awaliah, and Untung Handayani Ramli. 2019. “Why Do Indonesian Muslims Donate through Mosques?: A Theory of Planned Behaviour Approach.” International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 12 (5): 663–679. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-11-2018-0399.

Kasri, Rahmatina Awaliah, and Adela Miranti Yuniar. 2021. “Determinants of Digital Zakat Payments: Lessons from Indonesian Experience.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 12 (3): 362–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-08-2020-0258.

Lachowicz, Mark J., Kristopher J. Preacher, and Ken Kelley. 2018. “A Novel Measure of Effect Size For Mediation Analysis.” Psychological Methods 23 (2): 244–61. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000165.

Lestari, Irna Puji, Galuh Tri Pambekti, and Arna Asna Annisa. 2023. “Cash Waqf Behavior: Explaining Financial Consciousness and The Moderating Role of Religiosity.” Muslim Business and Economic Review 2 (1): 49–78. https://doi.org/10.56529/mber.v2i1.155.

Masrizal, Masrizal, Nurul Huda, Arridha Harahap, Budi Trianto, and Tasiu Tijjani Sabiu. 2023. “Investigating the Determinants of Cash Waqf Intention: An Insight From Muslims in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 9 (1): 17–38. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v9i1.1607.

Masrizal, Masrizal, Raditya Sukmana, Budi Trianto, and Annisa Masruri Zaimsyah. 2023. “Determinant Factor of Crowdfunders’ Behavior in Using Crowdfunding Waqf Model in Indonesia: Two Competing Models.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 14 (7): 1793–1816. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2021-0246.

Md Razali, Nurul Hidayah, Rubayah Yakob, Mohd Hafizuddin Syah Bangaan Abdullah, Shahida Shahimi, and Roziana Baharin. 2023. “Penentu Kecekapan Institusi Wakaf (Efficiency Determinants of Waqf Institutions).” Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia 57 (2): 181–99. https://doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2023-5702-13.

Mensah, Isaac Kofi, and Muhammad Khalil Khan. 2024. “Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model: Factors Influencing Mobile Banking Services’ Adoption in China.” SAGE Open 14 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241234230.

Mohaiyadin, Norlaila Mazura Hj, Aini Aman, Mohd Rizal Palil, and Suzana Muhamad Said. 2022. “Addressing Accountability and Transparency Challenges in Waqf Management Using Blockchain Technology.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 8 (Special Issue): 53–80. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v8i0.1413.

Muneeza, A, and S Kunhibava. 2024. Providing Provision and Protection to Ageing Population via Cash Waqf Takaful Model in Malaysia. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Customer Social Responsibility (CSR). Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50939-1_47.

Musa, Sherifah Oshioke, and Marhanum Che Mohd Salleh. 2018. “Proposing a Model for Entrepreneurship Development: The Role of Entrepreneurs’ Cash Waqf Intention.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 4 (1): 183–204. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v4i1.764.

Rabbani, Ismi Siti, Aas Nurasyiah, Rida Rosida, and Abdul Ghafar Ismail. 2023. “Optimization Strategy of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk Instrument for Procurement of Health Facilities in Indonesia.” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam (Journal of Islamic Economics and Business) 9 (1): 37–69. https://doi.org/10.20473/jebis.v9i1.37806.

Sanusi, S, Rozana Saedon, Aliyu Dahiru Muhammad, Hafizah Omar Zaki, and A Ghazali. 2025. “Cash Waqf Engagement among Malaysian Millennials: The Digitization of Generosity.” International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-03-2024-0148.

Saptono, Imam Teguh. 2024. “Proyeksi Perwakafan Nasional (Optimalisasi Wakaf Produktif Dan Wakaf Uang Di Indonesia.” https://www.bwi.go.id/9229/2024/03/20/materi-jawab-wakaf-online-seri-3-2024-proyeksi-wakaf-nasional-2024-optimalisasi-wakaf-produktif-dan-uang-di-indonesia/.

Sarstedt, Marko, Joseph F. Hair, Mandy Pick, Benjamin D. Liengaard, Lăcrămioara Radomir, and Christian M. Ringle. 2022. “Progress in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Use in Marketing Research in the Last Decade.” Psychology and Marketing 39 (5): 1035–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21640.

Soomro, Yasir Ali. 2019. “Understanding the Adoption of Sadad E-Payments: UTAUT Combined with Religiosity as Moderator.” International Journal of E-Business Research 15 (1): 55–74. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEBR.2019010104.

Suhartanto, Dwi, David Dean, Tuan Ahmad Tuan Ismail, and Ratna Sundari. 2020. “Mobile Banking Adoption in Islamic Banks: Integrating TAM Model and Religiosity–Intention Model.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 11 (6): 1405–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2019-0096.

Sujarwadi, Edy Tri, Hendri Tanjung, Nurul Huda, and Imam Teguh Saptono. 2025. “Ethical Governance In Cash Waqf: A Systematic Review Of Traditional And Contemporary Models.” Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Syariah 10 (2): 705–30. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita. v10i2.905.

Thaker, Mohamed Asmy Mohd Thas. 2018. “Factors Influencing the Adoption of the Crowdfunding-Waqf Model (CWM) in the Waqf Land Development.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 9 (3): 578–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2016-0043.

Usman, Hardius, Dipa Mulia, Chairy Chairy, and Nucke Widowati. 2022. “Integrating Trust, Religiosity and Image Into Technology Acceptance Model: The Case of the Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 13 (2): 381–409. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2020-0020.

Widiastuti, Tika, Imron Mawardi, Al-Shami Samer Ali, Nikmatul Atiya, Lina Nugraha Rani, Anidah Binti Robani, and Muhammad Ubaidillah Al Mustofa. 2025. “Determinant Factors for Online Cash Waqf Intention among Muslim Millennial Generation.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 16 (1): 258–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2023-0408.

Wijaya, Haykal Rafif, Sri Rahayu Hijrah Hati, Irwan Adi Ekaputra, and Salina Kassim. 2024. “The Impact of Religiosity and Financial Literacy on Financial Management Behavior and Well-Being among Indonesian Muslims.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 11 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03309-6.