Do Leadership, Career Progression, Compensation, and Burn-out Moderated by Work Motivation Affect Employee Performance in Digital Companies?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59653/jbmed.v4i01.2311Keywords:
leadership, career progression, compensation, burn out, employee performanceAbstract
This study examines how leadership, compensation, career progression, and burn-out—conditional on work motivation—affect employee performance in digital companies. Effective leadership, fair compensation, transparent career progression, and proactive burnout management—conditioned by employees’ intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation—collectively drive engagement, productivity, creativity, teamwork, well-being, retention, efficiency, and organizational performance in digital companies long term growth. A quantitative approach was used with questionnaires and company documentation collected from 213 employees across four digital firms in Jakarta between January and April 2024. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS. the result was leadership positively and significantly improves employee performance. Compensation is negatively associated with, indicating higher pay alone did not translate into better performance. Career progression positively and significantly enhances performance. Burn-out showed a positive association with reported performance, suggesting possible short-term productivity despite wellbeing costs. Work motivation has a positive direct effect on performance. As a moderator, work motivation weakens the effects of leadership and compensation on performance, while it strengthens the effects of career progression and digital learning . All reported effects are statistically significant.
Downloads
References
Achdiat, M., Liberna, H., Rizkiyah, N., Nurisman, H., Widiyarto, S., Suprapto, H. A., Vernia, D. M., & Saring, S. (2025). Integrating Design Thinking into Entrepreneurship Education: A Learning Framework for Vocational High School Students. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i1.5986
Ahsan, M. J., & Khawaja, S. (2024). Sustainable leadership impact on environmental performance: exploring employee well-being, innovation, and organizational resilience. Discover Sustainability, 5(1), 317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00422-z
Alhammadi, Y., Radzi, A. R., Alias, A. R., & Rahman, R. A. (2024). Modeling Workplace Well-Being Factors in Infrastructure Construction Projects: PLS-SEM Approach. Buildings, 14(8), 2289. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082289
Ali, S. A., Alaghbari, M. A., & Al Astal, A. Y. M. (2024). Burnout and Its Impact on Employee Performance: A Comprehensive Systematic Review (pp. 543–551). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70399-7_41
Aljumah, A. (2023). The impact of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on job satisfaction: The mediating role of transactional leadership. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2270813
Atatsi, E. A., Stoffers, J., & Kil, A. (2019). Factors affecting employee performance: a systematic literature review. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(3), 329–351. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-06-2018-0052
Athirah Saidi, N. S., Michael, F. L., Sumilan, H., Omar Lim, S. L., Jonathan, V., Hamidi, H., & Abg Ahmad, A. I. (2019). The Relationship Between Working Environment and Employee Performance. Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, 5(2), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.1916.2019
Bhanumathi, P., & Babu, B. S. (2025). Synergizing Technology and Mindfulness in Leadership (pp. 135–162). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1687-1.ch005
Bidhendi, A., Poshdar, M., Babaeian Jelodar, M., & Hamzeh, F. (2026). Enabling Lean Construction 4.0 through human-centric digital transformation: organisational leadership insights. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 33(2), 985–1011. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2025-0388
Boh, W. F., Chew, C. H. (Neumann), & Ravindran, T. (2025). Data Strategy and AI Value Creation. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. https://doi.org/10.1142/14040
Bravo-Duarte, F., Tordera, N., & Rodríguez, I. (2025). Wellbeing in telework: a systematic review of leadership competencies. Frontiers in Organizational Psychology, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/forgp.2025.1576926
Brooks, R., & Youngson, P. L. (2016). Undergraduate work placements: an analysis of the effects on career progression. Studies in Higher Education, 41(9), 1563–1578. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2014.988702
Changalima, I. A., & Chuwa, M. P. (2026). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in business research: A simple guide for novice researchers. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 14(9), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v14i9.4601
Clerc, P., & De Vroey, M. (2022). Robert E. Lucas, Jr. (1937–). In The Palgrave Companion to Chicago Economics (pp. 841–869). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01775-9_33
Dhore, P. S., Savariapitchai, M., & Chavhan, R. (2026). The Role of Leadership Styles in Preventing Burnout and Promoting a Sustainable Work Environment in Healthcare Organizations (pp. 1–11). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-12996-3_1
Dill, J. S., Morgan, J. C., & Weiner, B. (2014). Frontline health care workers and perceived career mobility. Health Care Management Review, 39(4), 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0b013e31829fcbfd
Findsrud, R., Tronvoll, B., & Edvardsson, B. (2018). Motivation: The missing driver for theorizing about resource integration. Marketing Theory, 18(4), 493–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593118764590
Firdaus, E. Z., Noermijati, N., Ratnawati, K., & Zaroug, Y. A. M. (2023). THE ROLE OF JOB BURNOUT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON THE EFFECT OF JOB DEMAND TO EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 21(1), 42–56. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.1.04
Gomes, D. R., Bizarro, M., & Fortes, N. (2025). Corporate social responsibility and internal marketing: loyalty, job satisfaction and involvement. Management Decision, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2025-1686
Goyal, K., Lim, W. M., Nigam, A., & Goyal, N. (2026). How to promote employee engagement? A comparison of top-down versus bottom-up approaches. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 18(2), 410–431. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-10-2024-0551
Hartati, T. (2020). Analysis of Influence of Motivation, Competence, Compensation toward Performance of Employee. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 1031–1038. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.933
Hauff, S., Felfe, J., & Klug, K. (2022). High-performance work practices, employee well-being, and supportive leadership: spillover mechanisms and boundary conditions between HRM and leadership behavior. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(10), 2109–2137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1841819
Hill, N. S., Axtell, C., Raghuram, S., & Nurmi, N. (2024). Unpacking Virtual Work’s Dual Effects on Employee Well-Being: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 50(2), 752–792. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221131535
Hirayama, M., & Fernando, S. (2018). Organisational barriers to and facilitators for female surgeons’ career progression: a systematic review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 111(9), 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076818790661
Hossain, Q., Ikbal, Md. Z., & Rahman, Md. M. (2025). A META DATA-DRIVEN DECISION SUPPORT IN HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT: REVIEWING HRIS AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS INTEGRATION. ASRC Procedia: Global Perspectives in Science and Scholarship, 01(01), 215–246. https://doi.org/10.63125/xgew7q22
Hussain, S., Guangju, W., Jafar, R. M. S., Ilyas, Z., Mustafa, G., & Jianzhou, Y. (2018). Consumers’ online information adoption behavior: Motives and antecedents of electronic word of mouth communications. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.09.019
Kanfer, R., Frese, M., & Johnson, R. E. (2017). Motivation related to work: A century of progress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 338–355. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000133
Mahmoud, N. N., & Rothenberger, D. (2019). From Burnout to Well-Being: A Focus on Resilience. Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, 32(06), 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692710
Mantai, L., & Marrone, M. (2023). Academic career progression from early career researcher to professor: what can we learn from job ads. Studies in Higher Education, 48(6), 797–812. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2167974
Meesad, P., & Mingkhwan, A. (2024). User Experience and Engagement in Smart Digital Libraries (pp. 273–326). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69216-1_8
Moulton, N. H., Syed Mohd Fuzi, S. F., Yussoff, N. E., Mohd Shazali, N., Mahmud, M. B., & Rahmat, N. H. (2022). Exploring Work Motivation and Work Burnout. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i9/11541
Osman, S., Shariff, S. H., & Lajin, M. N. A. (2016). Does Innovation Contribute to Employee Performance? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 571–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.036
Osmani, A., & Ndoka, E. (2025). From Sustainable Leadership to Well-Being: A Systematic Literature Review on the Function of Collaborative Learning in Organizations. Sustainability, 17(22), 10345. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210345
Porter, C. O. L. H., Amber, B., & Wang, E. (2019). Team motivation and goal (mis)alignment: the missing link in human capital resources research. In Handbook of Research on Strategic Human Capital Resources. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788116695.00033
Raksakhwamdee, W., Pruetipibultham, O., & Crocco, O. S. (2026). The Shifting Landscape of Employee Experience: Flexibility, Digital Connectivity, and Well-Being. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 28(1), 72–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223251407564
Sari, M., Elvira, D. N., Aprilia, N., Dwi R, S. F., & Aurelita M, N. (2024). MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS DIGITAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA. Warta Dharmawangsa, 18(1), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.46576/wdw.v18i1.4266
Schmid, Y., & Dowling, M. (2022). New work: New motivation? A comprehensive literature review on the impact of workplace technologies. Management Review Quarterly, 72(1), 59–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-020-00204-7
Shahzad, M. U. (2024). Core competencies for digital leadership development: a perspective from the lens of paradox theory. The Bottom Line, 37(4), 454–472. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-10-2023-0278
Sitopu, Y. B., Sitinjak, K. A., & Marpaung, F. K. (2021). The Influence of Motivation, Work Discipline, and Compensation on Employee Performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 1(2), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v1i2.79
Suprapto, H. A. (2023). Business Plan Proposal Preparation Training for Tsanawiyah Madrasah Students. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bestari, 2(3), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.55927/jpmb.v2i3.2394
Suprapto, H. A., Sumaryoto, & Saleh, S. (2022). The Role Community Consumption, Inflation and Human Development Index On Economic Growth In West Java. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(4), 579–584. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.04.10
Van den Broeck, A., Howard, J. L., Van Vaerenbergh, Y., Leroy, H., & Gagné, M. (2021). Beyond intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis on self-determination theory’s multidimensional conceptualization of work motivation. Organizational Psychology Review, 11(3), 240–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866211006173
Vancouver, J. B., Wang, M., & Li, X. (2020). Translating Informal Theories Into Formal Theories: The Case of the Dynamic Computational Model of the Integrated Model of Work Motivation. Organizational Research Methods, 23(2), 238–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428118780308
Veiga Fernandes, S. Da, Veloso, C. M., & Sousa, B. B. (2025). Co-Creation, Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Burnout in the Digital Era. In Empowering Value Co-Creation in the Digital Era (pp. 175–198). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1742-7.ch008
Vernia, D. M., & Widiyarto, S. (2023). Pengenalan Dasar Kewirausahaan melalui Entrepreneurship for Kids (Studi Kasus pada TK Al-Amanah). Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(3), 2557–2566. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i3.4220
Vo, T. T. D., Tuliao, K. V., & Chen, C.-W. (2022). Work Motivation: The Roles of Individual Needs and Social Conditions. Behavioral Sciences, 12(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12020049
Vuong, T. D. N., & Nguyen, L. T. (2022). The Key Strategies for Measuring Employee Performance in Companies: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 14(21), 14017. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114017
Weer, C. H., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2020). Managers’ Assessments of Employees’ Organizational Career Growth Opportunities: The Role of Extra-Role Performance, Work Engagement, and Perceived Organizational Commitment. Journal of Career Development, 47(3), 280–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845317714892
Whiteoak, J., Abell, D., & Becker, K. (2023). The leadership challenge of increasing productivity in the workplace without increasing burnout risk. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 44(2), 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2021-0330
Zhang, W., Chin, T., Peng, J.-B., Shan, Y.-N., & Agbanyo, G. K. (2022). The Moderating Effect of Occupational Burn-Out on the Link of Career Competencies to Career Sustainability Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.916669
Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., & Hua, W. (2019). The Impact of Psychological Capital and Occupational Stress on Teacher Burnout: Mediating Role of Coping Styles. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(4), 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00446-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Hugo Aries Suprapto, Albertus Maria Setyastanto, Sigit Widiyarto, Yuan-Sheng Ryan Poon

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).














