Does Teacher Burnout and Academic Stress Influence Teacher Effectiveness – A Systematic Review

The current study aims to investigate whether teacher burnout and academic stress hinder the effectiveness of secondary school teachers. To identify the research gap, a systematic review of pertinent literature concerning teacher effectiveness and related variables, including demographic factors, was conducted. The following steps were undertaken: Initially, literature was searched across various platforms such as Google, libraries, and books, resulting in the retrieval of 30 survey research papers from diverse journals. Subsequently, these studies were systematically analyzed and discussed, with findings summarized in a table spanning pages 2 and 3. The systematic review adhered to specific steps to survey the related literature. Firstly, during the planning stage, clear "inclusion and exclusion criteria" were established to systematically identify relevant literature. Secondly, in the review stage, a comprehensive "Summary of the Findings" was meticulously analyzed and discussed following the recording of identified studies in a "Systematic Review Table."


Introduction
Education cultivates academic wisdom, virtuous expression freedom, and judicious perception in people.The harmonious and gradual development of a kid is education's ultimate goal.Teaching is the process of educating someone or assisting someone in learning something by supplying the necessary information.Indian Education commission  has pertinently remarked that teacher is the most important factor to influence the quality of education.
The success of the educational programme rests on the shoulders of the teacher, who occupies the crucial position in the educational establishment.Only an excellent teacher can handle the increasing demands and difficulties of the postmodernist environment.A good teacher can adapt to the rapidly changing socioeconomic, cultural, and economic trends.An effective teacher is one who aids in the enhancement of students' fundamental abilities, comprehension, appropriate propensities, attractive demeanors, respect judgment and sufficient individual change.Effectiveness of individual classroom teacher is the single largest factor affecting academic growth of the students (Ferguson, 1991;Goldhaber, 2007;Kennedy, 2010).An effective teacher is one who sets up the classroom so that students feel actively engaged, provides feedback on what constitutes good work, supports students' learning and confidence, generates interest in the material being taught, and imparts knowledge in a practical way.Effectiveness of teacher means perfection or the optimum level of efficiency and productivity on the part of the teacher (Preetinder, K, & Sushma, S. 2015).

Literature Review
Teacher Effectiveness and Teaching-learning Process: The primary responsibility of a teacher is to teach, and effective teaching is a prerequisite for developing successful teachers.The primary responsibility of a teacher is to foster an environment that inspires kids to study more and more (Mohanta, B. 2017).Effective instruction meets the demands of the students with respect to the academic disciplines of the teachers, i.e., their subjects of teaching.The effectiveness of teachers and teaching are most significant in determining the learning of students (Ferguson, 1991;Ingersoll, 2004;Sanders, 1998).Effective teaching that is effective does not take its impact on pupils for granted.It considers the connection between teaching and learning to be problematic, ambiguous, and relative.Good teaching is flexible; it continually seeks to understand how instruction affects student learning and adapts the curriculum in light of the data gathered (Ramsden, 1992;Weimer, 2009).

Relation of the teacher effectiveness, stress and burnout:
Stress is a typical aspect of our lives, especially as development picks up speed.The word "work" is often used to refer to all different types of employment.The definition of stress is given by the Oxford Dictionary as "a state of affairs involving demand on physical or mental energy."In medical parlance, "stress" is defined as a perturbation of the body's homeostasis (Jeyaraj, S, S. 2013).A teacher's crisis could be triggered by the substantial workplace risk of teacher stress.Numerous studies conducted recently on teachers' stress levels in the classroom have found that they are disproportionately stressed out (Adeyemo, D, A, & Ogunyemi, B, 2005;& Borg, M, D. 1990).
Burnout is a generic term for a state of severe and protracted stress-related emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion.(Umender, M. 2019). Maslach. (1984).has defined burnout is the inability to care about the people one is closely connected to.Burnout is characterized as a state of diminished self-actualization, depersonalization, and emotional weariness.According to linked research studies, most teachers experience burnout at some point throughout their teaching careers (Cheek, et al. 2003;Dorman. 2003).

Methodology
The investigator conducted a systematic review search based on teacher effectiveness for the current systematic study.The literature was searched using popular search phrases like "teacher effectiveness," teacher burnout, professional stress, and academic stress with the help of Google.Literature was being downloaded from various reputed journals like Scopes, Sage, Springer, and different citation databases.
Only descriptive survey-type research papers were chosen for this study, which looked at published articles from the years 2000 to 2022.Researchers from Indian countries contributed the majority of the studies gathered for this systematic review (75%), while 25% of the studies that were chosen were from North and South America, Asia, and Africa.Different demographical variables wise research papers were downloaded for knowing actual relationship on their teaching profession.
According to the contribution it made to the chosen literature in the chosen studies, India occupied the highest position among all of the nations in the world.The contributions of the demographically variable wise in these 30 studies, the demographic variables were (40%) Gander, (22%, Location, (38%) Teaching Experience, (18%) Stream, (10%), Qualification, and (10%) Marital Status.However, notably no other demographic variable were found from this 30 selected studies.

Results and Discussion
Teachers, whether male or female, are in charge of interpreting the curriculum in a way that each student should understand and implement in order to modify their behavior and perform better academically.Maslach.(1984), has defined burnout as the failure of concern for the individuals with whom one is associated closely.Burnout is characterized as a state of diminished self-actualization, depersonalization, and emotional weariness.

Research studies based on gender of the teacher effectiveness:
Nonetheless, gender had an impact on teacher effectiveness in 40% of the studies.However, the findings from the investigations were extremely discordant and unclear.Out of 40% of the studies (Gander), 19% found that there is a significant difference in effectiveness between male and female teachers and Kaur, 2012;Bhat, 2017;Ritu & Sing, 2015, found that female teachers are more effective than male teachers.(8%) studies found male teachers to be significantly more effective than their female counterparts (Shweta, 2013;Ahmet et al., 2014).Some studies also discovered no significant differences in teacher effectiveness (23.16% studies) between male and female teachers ( Preetindar & Sushmi, 2015;Rajlakshmi, 2017;Usha, 2013;Adewale & Peter, 2019;Sian & Donna, 2019;Umasankar & Pranab, 2016;Wilayat et al. 2021).

Research studies based on location of the teachers:
More than 24% of the studies found the categorical variable of location to be effective.Based on these investigations, 13% of the studies have demonstrated a very substantial relationship between rural and urban teachers (Aruna & Kaur, 2012;Parul & Shweta, 2013;Ritu & Sing, 2015;Mohanta, 2017).Umasankar & Pranab, 2016;Jeyaraj, 2013;Zakkula & Vijaya, 2022) have shown no significant difference in the effectiveness of secondary school teachers.

Research studies based on qualification of the teacher effectiveness:
Shweta.( 2013).examined the effectiveness of teacher qualifications to gauge the effect of such qualifications on teacher effectiveness was conducted.These studies, according to Umasankar andPranab (2016) &Rasmirekha (2000), had no significant relationship on the qualification of teacher experience.According to Umasankar and Pranab (2016), teachers with more than 15 years of experience are more effective than those with less than 15 years of experience.

Research studies based on Teacher Effectiveness and marital status related characteristics:
More than 10% of research showed that marital status had an impact on teacher effectiveness (Shweta, 2013; Umasankar & Pranab, 2016;Rasmirekha, 2020).From the chosen literature, no research was found that looked into the effectiveness of married status.

Research based relation among Teacher Effectiveness and their burnout and professional streets:
In the selected literature, the types of effectiveness-related factors employed by renowned academics in countries around the world, including India, to explore the nature of teacher effectiveness showed significant diversity (see Table 2).Researchers have been shown to be more interested in looking into how teacher effectiveness relates to some person-related factors, including burnout, and academic stress.There is a significant relationship between teacher effectiveness and other similar variables like teacher burnout and professional stresses in about six selected studies (out of 15 correlation studies) (Marami, 2013;Ahmet et al. 2014;Apeh, et al. 2020;Periasamy, & Prabhu 2021;Shabha 2020;& Umendar, 2019).There was no significant relationship between these variables in 24% of the studies (Preetinder and Sushmi, 2015;Priyanka, 2021;Usha, 2013;Deepa and Amit, 2016;Auslien and Velmurugan, 2018;Leandro and Frances, 2019;Muhammad, Samee, and Muhammad, 2021;Muiga et al. 2015;& Raju, 2021).

Conclusion
According to the findings, teacher burnout and other types of stress have an impact on their effectiveness in the classroom.Approximately half of the studies' findings revealed a significant link between teacher burnout and teacher effectiveness.Female teachers are less effective than male teachers, as are teachers with less experience.Science-stream teachers are more effective than arts and commerce stream teachers.Overall, the findings of the present study emphasis the relationship between teacher effectiveness and teacher burnout in the teaching profession that makes a difference in prospective instructors' ability to teach effectively.The findings of the study on the impact of demographic variables on teacher effectiveness showed that these variables had a variety of effects on potential teachers.

Limitation of the study
a.For this study, only descriptive research papers were chosen.b.There were only 30 studies selected for this research.c.In this study, only Gander, location, teaching experience, stream, qualification, and marital status were selected.
Appendix: The male school teachers and female school teachers do not differ significantly and there is a significant difference in with respect to locality and academic stream.