Role of Sumenep Community Related Development of Culture-Based Tourism in Sumenep Regency

Sumenep is currently beginning to reveal its identity to the people of Indonesia, with its new motto Sumenep City of Keris. This motto is being promoted to the community to introduce the culture of the city. However, it is unfortunate that the opportunity of the keris industry in Sumenep Regency cannot provide a positive contribution to the economic welfare of the population in Sumenep Regency, mainly due to the lack of support from the Sumenep Regency Government in formulating policies, which is still not optimal. The sensitivity of the local government is indeed being tested, especially with the existence of Republic of Indonesia Emergency Law Number 12 of 1951. After Sumenep City declared itself as the city of keris, it is feared that there will be many people who will need legal protection if they want to bring heritage items such as keris in the future. This emergency law is also considered outdated or obsolete by researchers because it no longer suits the current situation and conditions. In this study, the researcher used normative research methods with legislative approach and case approach. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials using descriptive analysis techniques, systematic techniques, and argumentation techniques. The goal is for the local government to educate and introduce the Culture and Local Wisdom in Sumenep Regency to the elements of the community, and for the people of Sumenep Regency to develop tourism based on Culture and Local Wisdom in Sumenep Regency.


Introduction
Sumenep is the easternmost district located on Madura Island.To reach this district by land, it takes about 4-5 hours of travel by car or motorcycle.This is due to the considerable distance, and reaching Sumenep requires passing through several traffic congestions along the way (Kurniawan et al., 2019).Currently, Sumenep Regency is developing city tourism under the slogan "Visit Sumenep".Sumenep is not only known by outsiders as the salt city but also as the city of keris (traditional dagger).This is because there is a village in Sumenep known as Aeng Tong-tong (Noerhalifah et al., 2023), famous for its keris craftsmen (Yuda & Sulistiyo, 2022).
In addition to its renowned keris craftsmen, Sumenep is also famous for its diverse attractions such as the Grand Mosque, Museums, Gili Labak, Sembilan Beach, Lombang Beach, Gili Iyang, Sapeken Island, Slopeng Beach, Sepudi Island, Masalembu Islands, Daramista Hill, Gili Genteng, Gili Pandan, Ambunten Beach, Mamburit Island, Badur Beach, Dhurbugan Waterfall, Ropet Beach, Duko Waterfall, and many others which are equally attractive (Yuda & Sulistiyo, 2022).Among these tourist destinations, Sumenep Regency boasts cultural attractions that have become icons of the city, such as the Palace, Museums, the Tombs of Sumenep Kings in Asta Tinggi, the Old Town of Kalianget, and many others.Sumenep is also known for its arts and culture (Prasetya & Rani, 2014).
With the variety of tourist destinations offered in Sumenep Regency, it is hoped that visitors who come to Sumenep will be pampered with the natural beauty it offers, attracting both local and international tourists.As the Covid pandemic wanes (Ida Syafriyani & Sofiyah Qamariah, 2023), which has affected Sumenep Regency, many tourist spots currently need slight enhancements to become more attractive and lure tourists to Sumenep, one of which is through local wisdom (Haris, 2023).Cultural tourism itself will trigger other tourism activities because it is an attraction derived from the cultural heritage of the Sumenep community (Lulus Sugeng Triandika, 2023).From various experiences conducted by researchers, areas that preserve their culture and local wisdom tend to experience rapid tourism growth (Nafisah, 2023).This can be seen in Bali, where despite being frequently visited by tourists, both domestic and international, the people of Bali remain steadfast in preserving their culture.The same applies to Japan and Thailand, which still maintain strong ties to their culture and local wisdom (Diana et al., 2022).People are more inclined to visit a region because of its aesthetic value, which moves individuals to seek spiritual satisfaction, especially when admiring beautiful tourist spots to soothe the soul.Haryono states that tourism is a series of activities where individuals seek pleasure by enjoying various forms of entertainment to relieve fatigue.The culture in Sumenep Regency is incredibly diverse, thus requiring very good regulations to protect our culture so that it is not easily claimed by other countries, as has happened with Reog Ponorogo (Harits, 2023), wayang kulit (shadow puppetry), pencak silat (Indonesian martial art), and even recently with the song "Rasa Sayange" claimed by Malaysia.
The material in Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism is already outdated because it needs to be amended to accommodate the era of disruption and Industry 4.0.Additionally, there are several weaknesses such as the absence of regulations that accommodate the concept of archipelago tourism and the regulation of community cultural tourism development in the tourism sector.Another issue is in the environmental sector, where there is no mechanism to enforce compliance with principles of sustainability and continuity (Utami et al., 2019).Furthermore, in the socio-cultural field, there is no clear separation between the concept of tourism management and the concept of tourism development.The orientation is solely towards fulfilling tourist-based needs, meaning it has not been oriented towards the surrounding community, and there are no regulations prioritizing the concept of culture-based tourism (Ahebwa et al., 2016).
The supporting factors of tourism can be maximized through its culture and local wisdom because it is this culture and local wisdom that have selling value due to their historical significance in the region.The uniqueness and diversity of culture and local wisdom in Sumenep Regency need to be developed.Almost every area in Sumenep Regency has tourism potential, albeit different in each area.This can be seen in the uniqueness and various concepts of its local wisdom, which can be further developed to become tourist attractions (Turisno et al., 2023).Sumenep Regency has a lot of potential that is almost fading away with time.Many young people nowadays prefer modern clothing over their traditional attire.Most young people today are still shy about wearing traditional attire in their respective regions (Rozi & Wulung, 2022).Especially with the development of technology, young people prefer trendy clothing to appear fashionable.
With the various cultures and local wisdom in Sumenep Regency, it is necessary to develop the tourism sector with culture in mind as soon as possible because tourism is one of the new industries that can provide employment opportunities and contribute to economic development quickly, in addition to increasing income and improving living standards by opening up other production sectors within the country that welcomes tourists.

Literature Review The Role of Society
The term "role" derives from the word "participate," which means "to participate, to take part."Role means what is expected of someone who occupies a position in society.Meanwhile, "serta" means to join or participate.In other words, a role is someone's attention and participation in something physical or non-physical.The meaning of participation here is a form of interest involving the community interested in the physical and non-physical forms of the educational institution (MTs Darul Falah) as the research subject.This is intended to motivate the community to participate in the implementation of movements in the institution.
According to Yusufhadi Miarso, what is meant by "role" is spontaneous participation in the form of thoughts, energy, goods, or money, accompanied by responsibility for the group's interests to achieve goals.Roles can take many forms.Effendi, as cited by Siti Irene, explains that roles are divided into vertical and horizontal.It's called vertical roles because they occur in certain conditions where communities are involved or participate in another party's program, in a relationship where the community has subordinate, follower, or client status.And it's called horizontal roles because the community has initiatives where each member or group of people plays a horizontal role.This type of role is a sign of the beginning of the growth of a society that is capable of developing independently.
Society is a term that is very often used to refer to the unity of humans derived from the Arabic word "sharak," which means participation, participation, which then transformed into society in Indonesian.The meaning of society in Law No. 20 of 2003 is stated as a group of Indonesian citizens who are non-governmental and have interests and roles in the field of education.Society is a collection of a number of people in a particular place who show ownership of norms of living together even though there are various layers, including social environments.Society is a human unit that interacts with each other according to a certain moral system that inherently represents continuous and interconnected meanings and identities.
According to Berger, society is a complex whole of human relationships in everyday life, defined in a broad sense.It consists of parts that form something.Another understanding comes from Auguste Comte in Abdou Syani, who defines society as a group of living beings with new realities that develop according to their own laws and develop according to their own developmental models.People are bound to groups because of their instincts and direct social needs.Some of the above understandings imply the general understanding that society is a group relationship, both in small areas, such as the relationship between parents and children, teachers and students, superiors and subordinates, and in large areas, such as madrasas and their environments (Liu et al., 2024).The environment/interaction between two or more people that takes a long time.Thus, customs, traditions, and laws can be seen in every aspect of life, regulating the interests of oneself and others.Social interaction within humans is also free from certain constraints according to mutually agreed rules; the interaction that exists must create a sense of unity that can bind each other.The relationships within the group always change over time and with the conditions they face.However, because of common interests, they can develop common needs to survive various changes that occur.

Tourism Development
In general, tourism is a journey undertaken by an individual for a temporary period organized from one place to another by leaving the original place with planning or without intending to seek a livelihood in the place visited, but solely to enjoy recreational activities to fulfill various desires (Rao et al., 2024).
According to Kodhyat (1998), tourism is a journey from one place to another, temporary in nature, undertaken by individuals or groups, as an effort to seek balance or harmony and happiness with the environment in social, cultural, natural, and scientific dimensions.Meanwhile, Gamal (2002) defines tourism as a form of temporary departure from one, more towards another place outside their residence.The impetus for their departure is due to various interests, whether economic, social, cultural, political, religious, health, or other interests.Furthermore, Burkart and Medlik (1987) describe tourism as a transformation of individuals temporarily and in the short term to destinations outside the place where they usually live and work, and their activities while staying in those destinations (Wang et al., 2024).
According to WTO (1999), tourism refers to human activities traveling to and staying in destination areas outside their daily environment.Meanwhile, according to the Republic of Indonesia Law number 10 of 2009 concerning tourism, tourism is described as travel activities carried out by an individual or a group of people by visiting specific places for recreational purposes, personal development, or studying the uniqueness of tourist attractions visited temporarily (Roodbari & Olya, 2024).
Development is an activity to advance a place or area that is considered necessary to be arranged in such a way, either by maintaining what has been developed or creating new ones.
According to Hadinoto (1996), there are several things that determine the development of a tourist attraction, including: a. Tourism Attractions Attractions are tourist attractions for vacationers.Identified attractions (natural resources, human resources, culture, etc.) need to be developed into tourist attractions.Without tourist attractions, no events, other main parts will not be needed.

b. Promotion and Marketing
Promotion is a plan to introduce the offered tourist attractions and how attractions can be visited.For planning, promotion is an important part.

c. Tourism Market (Tourist sender community)
The tourism market is an important part.Although for planning, a complete and in-depth research is not yet necessary, information about trends in behavior, desires, needs, origins, motivations, etc. of tourists needs to be collected from those who vacation.

d. Transportation
The opinions and desires of tourists are different from the opinions of transportation providers.Transportation has a significant impact on the volume and location of tourism development.

e. Tourist Receiving Communities Providing Accommodation and Supporting Tourism
Service Facilities and Services.
According to Suwantoro (1997), the main elements that must be considered to support tourism development in tourist destinations include: a) Tourist Objects and Attractions Tourist attractions, also known as tourist objects, are potentials that attract tourists to a tourist destination.In general, the attractiveness of a tourist object is based on: 1.The existence of resources that can evoke feelings of joy, beauty, comfort, and cleanliness.2. High accessibility to be able to visit.3. Specific characteristics that are rare.4. Supporting facilities and infrastructure to serve tourists; 5. Natural tourist attractions have high appeal (mountains, rivers, beaches, forests, etc.).6. Cultural tourist attractions have high appeal because they have special values in the form of artistic attractions, traditional ceremonies, noble values contained in a human-made object in the past.

b) Tourism Infrastructure
Tourism infrastructure is natural and human-made resources that are essential for tourists in their journeys to tourist destinations, such as roads, electricity, water, telecommunications, terminals, bridges, and others.

c) Tourism Facilities
Tourism facilities are the completeness of tourist destination areas needed to serve the needs of tourists in enjoying their tourism journeys.Various tourism facilities that must be provided in tourist destination areas include hotels, travel agencies, transportation, restaurants and eateries, as well as other supporting facilities.

Research Method
The type of research used by the researcher is empirical legal research, according to Ronny Hanitijo Soemitro, which is legal research that obtains its data through primary data or data obtained directly from the community.Empirical legal research or socio-legal research in studying law as its object of research is not only applied but more on the reality of law, so this empirical legal research is intended not only to consider normative legal issues.The research approach used is a qualitative approach intended to understand phenomena about what happens within the research subject such as perceptions, actions, motivations, or behaviors.This is based on the belief that knowledge is generated from social settings and that understanding social knowledge is a valid scientific process.Data analysis is a systematic process of searching for and organizing interview transcripts, field notes, and other materials found from others.

The Role of Local Government in Introducing Culture and Local Wisdom in Sumenep Regency to the Community
Tourism development is a fundamental process undertaken by humans systematically to improve specific tourism conditions perceived as lacking, aiming to achieve better or desired tourism conditions.Key elements that need attention to support tourism development in destination areas involving planning, development, and enhancement include five components: 1. Tourism objects and attractions 2. Tourism infrastructure 3. Tourism facilities 4. Management/infrastructure 5. Community/environment Sumenep Regency boasts numerous tourism objects and attractions, known for its diverse range of tourism, including remnants of the Sumenep Kingdom, beach tourism, and cultural heritage passed down by ancestors.There is a need for the government's role in introducing these tourism objects to the external community.
Law No. 10 of 2009 regarding Tourism outlines tourism objects and attractions as everything targeted for tourism.Tourism objects and attractions include: 1. Attractions: Anything unique, beautiful, and valuable, such as natural, cultural, and human-made wealth, which becomes the target or destination of tourism visits.2. Tourism destinations, hereinafter referred to as tourism destinations, are geographical areas within an administrative region containing tourist attractions, public facilities, tourism facilities, and interrelated communities that complement the realization of cultural tourism attractions.
Local wisdom must be preserved to prevent its loss due to globalization.The role of local government is crucial in maintaining and introducing culture and local wisdom.Preserving socio-cultural values is one of the responsibilities of local governments in regional autonomy.Government Regulation No. 38 of 2007 states that culture is the responsibility of both provincial and local governments (districts/cities).Sumenep is a small town located in the easternmost part of Madura, although small, it possesses natural resources that are no less attractive than those in major cities in Indonesia.Gili Labak, known as Indonesia's hidden paradise, is located in Sumenep.Sumenep is not only known for its local wisdom but also for its various cultures and beautiful tourist spots, especially Lombang and Slopeng beaches, which have become icons of Sumenep Regency in recent years.
Furthermore, the culture held by various layers of society is equally fascinating as the culture found in Bali province or other major cities, such as "Nyader," "Tan Pangantanan," and others.In Wikipedia, various cultural arts and tourist attractions in Sumenep Regency are mentioned, including: 4. Kalianget Old Town is located east of Sumenep city.Here, visitors can see remnants of salt factories, colonial architecture, and several defense areas built by the Colonial Government during its occupation of Sumenep. 5. Traditional Madurese Houses, known as "Tanean Lanjhang", can be found in various areas leading to Lombang Beach and Slopeng Beach.6. VOC Kalimo'ok Fort in Kalianget.
The Tourism Law No. 10 of 2009 is considered outdated and needs revision due to the era of disruption and Industry 4.0.Some weaknesses include the lack of regulations accommodating concepts such as archipelago tourism and the development of cultural tourism in the tourism sector.Additionally, there is a lack of mechanisms to enforce sustainability principles in the environmental sector.Furthermore, there is no clear separation between the concepts of tourism management and tourism development.The orientation is primarily towards fulfilling tourist-based needs rather than focusing on the local community, and there are no regulations prioritizing culture-based tourism (Nurul Herawati et al., 2023).
The role of local government in introducing local culture and wisdom in Sumenep includes providing facilities and infrastructure, which are crucial factors in attracting tourists.Local governments also oversee and control tourist attractions in Sumenep to ensure that planned developments and introductions of local culture and wisdom are achieved.Local regulations and laws should be effectively implemented by the local government.Moreover, the government needs to revise the Tourism Law No. 10 of 2009 to establish clear standards for assessing the suitability of tourism management and development by both the central and local governments.This revision can serve as an opportunity for economic recovery post-COVID-19, as tourism is one of the largest sources of foreign exchange.
Sumenep Regency is dubbed "The Soul of Madura", as it holds the most potential on the island due to its history of hospitality, language, and rich cultural and natural heritage.
To effectively introduce local culture and wisdom in Sumenep, the local government needs a strategy based on a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) to minimize undesirable outcomes.This strategy should be accompanied by concrete plans and projects with allocated local budgets.Internal strengths of Sumenep's local wisdom include its natural wealth, such as Gili Iyang, known for its excellent oxygen quality and the second cleanest air in the world, as well as other natural riches.Social and cultural uniqueness, such as the tradition of "nyadar", which expresses gratitude to God and local ancestors, and the friendly attitude of the local community, also contribute to Sumenep's local wisdom.
Internal weaknesses include poorly organized tourist attractions and the nonapplication of Tourism Laws, leading to weaknesses in coordination between the government and local communities.Opportunities for the local government include increasing tourist interest by promoting local culture and wisdom through social media, improving the quality of human resources, and enforcing laws strictly.Providing tourism education or socialization to the community can enable them to assist and guide tourists effectively, known as "Tour Guides".

The Role of the Community in Sumenep Regency in Developing Tourism based on Culture and Local Wisdom
One of the most crucial elements in developing tourism in a region is the local community, involving them in the process of tourism development in their area.The local community can contribute significantly during the identification of tourism potentials by understanding the local culture and wisdom (Zuhdi & Ikmal, 2022).Therefore, the local community plays an essential role in achieving the goals of tourism development in Sumenep Regency.
The participation of the community in achieving the goals of tourism development is expected to bring benefits.With the community's involvement, unemployment can be reduced by creating various job opportunities such as becoming tour guides, providing accommodations, selling food and beverages in tourist areas (Yasir, 2023).The community's role is as a contributor, where they participate in the tourism development process but do not have the authority in tourism.Their role essentially supports tourism development, but with varying intensities and interests (Windah et al., 2022).
The community can also be involved as a party with the right to formulate tourism development plans.Direct involvement of the local community in the tourism development process is crucial to accommodate their desires regarding facilities and infrastructure development to enhance the potential in their area, thereby improving the welfare of the local community (Kadir et al., 2021).With the advancement of time, the millennial generation also needs to play a role.The millennial generation and their presence on social media can significantly contribute to the development of tourism in Sumenep Regency.The millennial generation refers to individuals born in the 2000.
In the development of tourism based on culture and local wisdom in Sumenep Regency, social media plays a significant role in introducing local culture and wisdom to outsiders (Zainuri & Masput, 2022).The natural resources owned by Sumenep Regency can truly indulge people who want to vacation and enjoy a fantastic atmosphere.Now, it's about how the community and the government can develop and introduce tourism in Sumenep Regency to the outside world so that tourism in Sumenep Regency becomes well-known throughout Indonesia.
Sumenep Regency indeed has abundant natural resources, but if not managed properly, they may erode over time.Imagine when people in Sumenep prefer to travel to Yogyakarta with its Sultan's Palace, or even when many Sumenep residents, including officials, go on vacation to Batu City, Malang.Many also desire to travel to Bali, which will be presented with excellent cultures.Recently, Sumenep became the only one of the four regencies in Madura to have its airport.The airport has long been owned by Sumenep Regency but became effective when Jokowi was inaugurated as the seventh President of the Republic of Indonesia.This was done to reduce the long travel time from Suramadu (4 hours).
Compare it with Bali, Lombang and Slopeng tourist attractions are no less than Kuta Beach or Sanur in Bali.Or compare the palaces in Sumenep with those in Yogyakarta.Compare the communities.Bali and Yogyakarta are proud to wear their traditional costumes.Especially when we stroll in the Yogyakarta Palace, the palace attendants proudly wear traditional Yogyakarta costumes, while in Sumenep, when we encounter personnel in the Museum or even inside the palace, many of them wear the Sumenep Civil Servant Uniform (PNS), they are prouder to wear their PNS uniform than the traditional Sumenep attire, which is our identity as the people of Sumenep.The traditional Sumenep attire is only worn during the anniversary of Sumenep Regency, which means it is only introduced once a year.Balinese people welcome tourists with hats that have special characteristics.
Actually, there are many ways we can do to enhance the culture and tourist attractions in Sumenep Regency.Every year, we hold parades and commemorate the anniversary of Sumenep Regency with great fanfare, and that's the momentum we can use for promotion.We shouldn't let the expenses incurred for commemorating the anniversary be just an event for show or merely for activities without any promotional element.Even the promotion they do should be done at any time, meaning that every moment or activity related to tourism and culture can be the main news in every news release, and the pride in the tourism owned by Sumenep Regency should be instilled more in the stakeholders in Sumenep Regency.

Conclusion
The Sumenep Regency is striving to promote its identity as "Sumenep City of Keris," but the keris industry has not significantly contributed to the local economy due to a lack of policy support.The existing emergency laws are considered outdated.This study employs a normative method to encourage the Sumenep Regency Government to introduce local culture and wisdom to the community and develop culture-based tourism.This step is crucial for improving welfare and preserving the cultural heritage of Sumenep.
1. Sumenep Palace Museum is managed by the local government of Sumenep and houses various collections of cultural heritage objects from the Sumenep Palace family and some relics from the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom era, such as Wisnu and Lingga statues found in the Dungkek District.The museum also contains several heirloom collections from Sumenep nobility, such as ceramic jars from China and the "Kareta My Lord" bestowed by the English Kingdom to Sri Sultan Abdurrahman Pakunataningrat I for his assistance to Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British Governor, in his research in Indonesia.2. Sumenep Palace is a heritage site built by King/Duke Sumenep XXXI, Panembahan Sumolo Asirudin Pakunataningrat, and expanded by his descendants, including Sri Sultan Abdurrahman Pakunataningrat I.The Sumenep Palace itself is located opposite the Sumenep Palace Museum.3. Jamik Mosque of Sumenep is a building with unique architecture, combining various cultures into a unique and grand form.It was built by Panembahan Somala Asirudin Pakunataningrat, who ruled from 1762-1811 AD, with an architect of Chinese descent named "Law Pia Ngho".