Social and Economic Impacts of Tourism Development on the Local Community of Kampung Pelangi, Semarang

The aim of this research is to explore and analyze the social and economic impacts of tourism development in Kampung Pelangi Semarang on the local community. The main research question to be answered in this study is: "How does tourism development in Kampung Pelangi Semarang affect the social and economic aspects of the local community?" This study will utilize a qualitative approach with data collection methods including in-depth interviews with residents of Kampung Pelangi, participant observation, and documentary studies. This is done to gain a deep understanding of the perspectives and experiences of the local community regarding the impacts of tourism development in their area. Local residents have also been able to capitalize on tourist needs by offering various local products and services, such as handicrafts and regional cuisine. Moreover, the increase in tourist numbers has brought about an increase in income for residents of Kampung Pelangi, both directly through the sale of goods and services, and indirectly through the growth of the local economy driven by tourism. Tourism development in Kampung Pelangi Semarang has had impacts on the social and economic lives of the community. New business opportunities, income growth, and changes in livelihoods are key factors driving economic welfare improvement for residents. Lifestyle changes, social interactions, and positive perceptions of tourism reflect the social impacts that have occurred. Efforts are needed to maintain a balance between tourism development and the preservation of local culture.


Introduction
In recent decades, tourism has emerged as a fast expanding economic industry in Indonesia (Suwarti et al., 2023).Indonesia possesses a plethora of natural and cultural resources, making it highly attractive to both domestic and international tourists.Kampung Pelangi in Semarang, Central Java, has recently become a popular tourist destination.Kampung Pelangi is a tiny settlement that was formerly characterized by squalor and inadequate upkeep.Nevertheless, due to the efforts of the community members and the municipal authorities, this town has undergone a remarkable metamorphosis into a captivating tourist spot, embellished with vibrant decorations embellishing its residences and thoroughfares.
The local community in Kampung Pelangi has experienced substantial transformations as a result of tourism development.The presence of tourists has created new economic options for citizens, including engaging in trade, offering transportation services, and opening restaurants.Nevertheless, it is important to take into account the social consequences, such as alterations in lifestyle and community social connections.
The study conducted Hu & Li (2023) examines the social and cultural effects of tourist development.It was discovered that tourism has boosted the community's income, but there are worries about the possible alteration of traditional values and lifestyle changes among local residents as a result of their interactions with tourists.
Research conducted by Cahyaningrum (2016) in Kampung Pelangi Semarang demonstrates that tourism development has yielded favorable economic outcomes for the local community, including increased income and the creation of new business prospects.Nevertheless, the researchers also noted alterations in the way of life and social dynamics among the residents of Kampung Pelangi as a result of the influx of tourists.
According to a study conducted by Hidayat et al., (2021) and Nepal et al., (2019), the tourist expansion in Bali has resulted in beneficial economic effects on the local community, including an increase in revenue and the creation of new business prospects.Nevertheless, they also stress the significance of upholding an equilibrium between economic advancement and the preservation of socio-cultural aspects in order to achieve sustainable tourism.This research aims to investigate and assess the social and economic effects of tourist development in Kampung Pelangi Semarang on the local community.By comprehending these effects, significant data may be acquired to aid the government and other stakeholders in formulating sustainable and advantageous tourism for the local community.
The primary research inquiry to be addressed in this study is: "What is the impact of tourism development in Kampung Pelangi Semarang on the social and economic dimensions of the local community?"This research will primarily investigate the economic effects on the population of Kampung Pelangi, including the emergence of new business prospects, increases in income, and alterations in livelihoods.Furthermore, the social ramifications to be analyzed encompass alterations in lifestyle, social engagements, and the way the community perceives tourism.
Conducting this research is crucial due to the continuing growth of the tourist sector in Indonesia and its potential to generate economic advantages for the local population.Nevertheless, the expansion of tourism should be executed judiciously, taking into account social factors, in order to prevent adverse effects on the local population.

Literature Review
Tourism Development Sanam (2014) and Sumastuti et al., (2021) argue that the development of tourism is a multifaceted process that involves multiple stakeholders, such as the government, corporate sector, and local populations.Their focus lies on the significance of meticulous strategizing, enduring administration, and reverence for cultural multiplicity and the ecological surroundings.Conversely, Xu et al., (2021) and Zhou et al., (2022) argue that technology and innovation are becoming increasingly crucial to the development of tourism.They emphasise the significance of utilising information and communication technologies to enhance tourist experiences, promote tourist destinations, and improve tourism infrastructure.
In a recent study conducted by Lin et al., (2019), the authors emphasise the difficulties encountered in the progress of tourism, such as concerns over environmental sustainability, tensions arising from the clash between economic interests and environmental preservation, and the adverse effects on the well-being of local residents.Basnet et al., (2021) and Wulandari (2019) argues that economic progress should be assessed not solely based on income growth, but also by considering individuals' capacity to access resources and opportunities that empower them to live with dignity.Pratiwi & Pinasti, (2017) highlights the significance of comprehending the interplay between social structures and cultural influences that shape the economic activities within local communities.Bourdieu emphasises the pivotal significance of social capital and cultural capital in influencing one's access to economic and social opportunities.

Socioeconomic
In addition, Minghetti & Buhalis (2010) examines the deteriorating economic disparity in contemporary society, where the accumulation of wealth by a small number of individuals poses a threat to social and political stability.Piketty underscores the necessity of implementing policies that target the reduction of economic inequality by means of wealth redistribution and enhancing access to education and employment prospects.In addition, (A.Y. Pratiwi et al., 2022) research emphasises the intricate nature of the connection between economic prosperity and social welfare.It reveals that elements like as health, education, and social interactions greatly influence the overall well-being of a community.

Local Community
According to Reni & Rahayu (2018) and Sandika et al., (2022), a local community is a complex entity consisting of social networks, cultural norms and values, and daily life practices closely related to their physical and social environment.In the context of development, Widyaningsih (2019) emphasizes the importance of involving local communities in the planning and implementation of development programs.Chambers highlights the significance of a participatory approach that enables local communities to actively determine their own development needs and priorities.Furthermore, Zulaika & Trisakti (2022) discusses the concept of "local knowledge" and the importance of understanding and respecting the knowledge and experiences held by local communities.According to Scott, local knowledge is often overlooked in modern development processes, which can lead to development projects failing to achieve their objectives.
In the economic field, research by Kamelia et al., (2022)highlights the crucial role of local communities in shaping informal economies and social economic networks.They emphasize the importance of understanding the economic adaptation strategies of local communities and strengthening social networks that support local economic growth.

Research Method
The research will utilize a qualitative methodology, including participant observation, indepth interviews with Kampung Pelangi residents, and documentary studies as data gathering techniques.This is done in order to fully comprehend the viewpoints and experiences of the local community with regard to the effects of local tourism development.
Researchers can delve deeply into the ways that shifts in the tourist sector have impacted the day-to-day activities, means of subsistence, and interpersonal connections within the community by conducting in-depth interviews.
Another useful technique will be participant observation, which allows researchers to get up close and personal with the daily goings-on in Kampung Pelangi.This will enable them to better grasp community dynamics and interactions between locals and visitors, as well as provide firsthand insights into the social and economic processes taking place in the setting.Documentary studies will enhance the qualitative approach by offering historical background and an overview of Kampung Pelangi's tourism development.Analysis of formal sources like government reports, local economic data, and tourism development plans, as well as informal sources like journalistic reporting and local media, may be part of this.

Result/Findings
On the basis of the primary research question, which is about the ways in which the development of tourism in Kampung Pelangi Semarang affects the social and economic aspects of the local community, information is gathered about the tourism development in Kampung Pelangi Semarang, the social impact of tourism development, the economic impact of tourism development, as well as the response and adaptation of the local community.
The locals of Kampung Pelangi Semarang and the authorities of the city were the ones who initially proposed the idea for the development of tourism in the area.With the addition of vibrant decorations, the village, which had been abandoned and in disrepair for a long time, was transformed into an appealing tourist destination.The government and the community at large worked together to bring about the transition that took place.There was a collaborative effort between the local population and the government to restore and beautify the houses and streets in the hamlet, which resulted in an ambiance that was quite appealing to tourists.Tourism development in Kampung Pelangi Semarang has as its primary objective the enhancement of the region's tourism potential, the improvement of the socio-economic conditions of the community, and the elevation of the image of Kampung Pelangi as an appealing tourist destination.
The sources state that the presence of tourists has a social impact on the growth of tourism since it has the ability to influence the day-to-day lives of the local community by increasing the number of economic activities and increasing awareness of the importance of maintaining cleanliness and environmental sustainability (Viany et al., 2023).There is a possibility that social interaction patterns will shift as a result of encounters between the local community and tourists.These interactions may include enhanced communication across cultural boundaries and the sharing of experiences.There may be a variety of perspectives held by the local community on the development of tourism.There are those who may consider it as a chance for economic development and growth, while others may be concerned about the potential adverse effects it could have on the environment and the culture of the local community.
In terms of the economic impact of tourism development, several sources point to a rise in income from the tourism industry, which includes sales of goods and services, as well as an increase in investment in the region, the creation of new job possibilities, the launching of new businesses, and the expansion of the local economy.Different local communities have different ways of reacting and adapting to changing circumstances, but in general, they react by adjusting to changes in their day-to-day lives and sometimes taking advantage of new economic opportunities (Mahardika et al., 2023).Community members have the ability to take action in order to capitalize on growing economic possibilities.These actions may include the establishment of new enterprises or the improvement of the quality of the goods and services that they provide.
Taking into account the wants and desires of the local community, which may be accomplished through their active participation in decision-making processes and through the implementation of sustainable development initiatives, is an important step toward ensuring the long-term viability of tourism development.Some locals have also reported that they are experiencing discomfort or unwelcome changes in their day-to-day lives as a result of an increase in the number of tourists.These changes include changes in lifestyle that are associated with the presence of tourism, as well as changes in traffic congestion.With this in mind, it is of the utmost importance to have an understanding of the many perspectives and experiences held by the community in relation to the growth of tourism in Kampung Pelangi Semarang.

Discussion
The local community has benefited economically from the growth of tourism in Kampung Pelangi, which has brought about further beneficial economic consequences.New business options, such as restaurants, souvenir stores, and homestays, have emerged as a result of the rise in the number of tourists who visit the area.Residents in the area have also been able to satisfy the requirements of tourists by providing a wide range of local goods and services, such as regional food and handicrafts.Furthermore, the increase in the number of tourists has resulted in an increase in income for the people living in Kampung Pelangi (Cahyaningrum, 2016).This has occurred both directly via the sales of goods and services and indirectly through the growth of the local economy that has been driven by tourism.
The local community's way of life has been altered as a result of the development of tourism, which has created social opportunities (Riyulida & Sunarti, 2019).Interactions with tourists have had an impact on the communication patterns, social interactions, and consumption habits of the local population.Furthermore, the development of tourism has assisted in the strengthening of the local identity and sense of community among the residents of Kampung Pelangi.This is visible in the efforts that they have made to conserve the cultural distinctiveness and local wisdom in the face of globalization.
The attitudes of the community regarding tourism will also be investigated as part of this research, despite the fact that tourism has good economic and social consequences.There have been some locals who have encountered discomfort or changes in their daily lives that they did not want as a result of the growth in the number of tourists.These changes include changes in lifestyle that are related with tourism presence as well as changes in traffic congestion.For this reason, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the many perspectives and experiences held by the community in relation to the development of tourism in Kampung Pelangi Semarang region (Christanti, 2023).

Conclusion
The local community has benefited economically from the growth of tourism in Kampung Pelangi, which has led to the success of the tourism industry.Increases in the number of tourists who visit have resulted in the creation of new business opportunities and a rise in the income of local citizens, both directly and indirectly through the expansion of the local economy.As a result of the development of tourism, there have been changes in lifestyle and social contacts among residents of Kampung Pelangi.Additionally, the local identity and community cohesion of the residents have been strengthened significantly.This research, on the other hand, shows the significance of knowing the various perspectives that the community holds on tourism, including the possibility of experiencing discomfort or changes that are not particularly wanted.For this reason, it is essential to have a comprehensive grasp of the economic, social, and perceptual implications that the development of tourism in Kampung Pelangi Semarang has to offer.

Declaration of conflicting interest
The author explicitly states that there are no conflicting interests present in this work.